Te Itinga i ngā Rauemi me te Hangarau Whakapūtahi Taitara Hura

Me pēhea te Wāhanga Hangarau Whakauru Whakaatu Aronui ki te Whakaiti i te Rite o ngā Matera

Te Tirohia Inga me te Iti ake i te Nui

Ka whakamahi te hangarau whakauru aronui aronui i ngā tino take tirohia ingoa kia whakaiti hoki i te rite o ngā matera. Me te whakamahi i ngā take anilox rūa me ngā take inkjet hei tautoko i te whakamahi i te itinga ingoa e hiahiatia ana mō ia mahi, whakaiti i te tahuri me te tupeka. Ko tēnei tino take ka tautoko i ngā whakauru ki te whai i te hiranga whakahaere kore ingoa, whakapai i ngā rauemi. He tohutohu rangahau e kite ana ko ēnei take tirohia ka taea te whakaiti i te rite ingoa ki te 30%, e hīnati ana i ngā moni me te itinga i te taiao. Anō he mea nui, ka whakamahi i te karaehe tata ki te whakahaere i te wāhanga ingoa me te whakamau i te whakarite, tautoko anō i te whakaiti i te whakamahi ingoa.

Nga Kawa Whakahaere Matua ki te Whakapai i te Whakamahi Substrate

Nā ngā hanganga kaweawe tonu i whakarerekētia te āheitanga i tēnā i tēnā i te taki mōhiotanga o ngā rauemi ki roto i te whaipapa tohu. Nā ēnei hanganga kaweawe i whakatika te hunga whakauru, me te whakamahere ake i ngā wā moeheko, ka whakahī i te nui o ngā rauemi e pāngia ana i runga i te huringa mahi. Ki te whakamahi i ngā algoritama e pāngia ana i ngā taupānga whakaaturanga pai rawa, ka whakapai ngā ritorito kaweawe i te whakamahi rauemi, me te iti iho i ngā taki mōhiotanga i noho maunga nei. Ko tēnei ka whakamana hoki i te whakamahi pai o ngā rauemi, ā, ka heke i te waipiro. He mea kitea i ngā rorohiko whenua, ko te whakamahere i ngā hanganga kaweawe tonu ka puta mai ki te whakaititia i te waipiro taki mōhiotanga ki te takirua tekau mana %{percent}. Mo ngā pūkenga, ko tēnei whakaititia waipiro ka noho iti iho ngā utu mahi, me te whakapai hoki i te whaipapa tohu kia mutuwhenua.

Ngā Pūtake Tohu o ngā Ritorito Whaipapa Tohu Hītorikore

Ngā Pūmanawa Tawhitiwhiti Wairangi

Kei runga ngā whakahaere tuhinga offset ahurea ki ngā pūnuitanga hihiko i whakaritea hei whakapai i te mōhiotanga me te paihere. Ko ēnei whirinaki e taea ai ngā pouaka tuhinga roa ake i te hiota nui, karekau i te whakawhaiti i te paetahi. He mea nui rawa no ēnei whakahaere te whakauru i te hunga whakamahere tonoaroa, e whakamana ana i te tika o ngā matatono rangi hei whakapae mo te whakatinanatanga ahurea. Ka whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā tuhinga anō hei whakahē i te utu. He raraunga kōrero e tautoko ana i tēnei, ka whakaiti ngā rāwhiti hihiko i ngā wā i waenganui i te 40%, koia nei ka whakaiti i ngā utu mahi me ngā wā korenoho. Ko ēnei whakapai i te hunga tuhinga e whakapai ana i te mōhiotanga, ā, e whakapaihia ana te whakamahi i ngā taonga, e ara ana i te whakapai i te mahi.

Te Whakauru Matihiko hei Whakaiti i ngā Hapa

Te whakauru matihiko i roto i ngā raraunga tuhinga offset e whai take ana i te mahi nui ki te iti i ngā hapa whakatuhia, e hiahiatia nei te pai o ngā katoa tuhinga. Ko te whakauru i ngā mōhiohanga wā-toki me ngā tārewa whakaora e āheinga ana i ngā hapa tangata. Ki runga i ngā tūtohitanga mōhio mō ēnei atu me ngā momo kōrero whakamataku moe hoto, ka taea e ngā kāwanatanga te tirohia i mua i te whakapae ko ngā hapa hei whakatika i aua i tua atu i te whakarite i ngā katoa tuhinga. Ko te whakaae i ngā whakaritenga matihiko mo te whakatika i ngā hapa ka tautoko i te whaiherehere i te pai tuhinga whakarite i te mea heoi ka iti iho te whakawhanake i ngā hua kore—hei haerenga tonu ki ngā tikanga tuhinga whakarawea. Ki te whakaae i enei tira matihiko, ka whai mana hoki ngā pakihi i te pai tuhinga whakarite me te tautoko i te tiaki whenua ki te iti iho i ngā hua kore materiale.

Nga Painga Whakarawea o te Lithography Offset

He Rawa Nui Raweke ake i nga Tauanga Plating i te Ana a te Ana

Kei te whai hua nui te whakamahere lithography whakatōrangi i tana wā moe roa tuatahi i te mīhini ā-waha. Kei te hanga ngā papa whakamahere lithography whakatōrangi hei kawe i te wharetanga, e whai ana i te itinga o ōna kaupapa ā-waha. Ki te rata, ka taea e tētahi papa whakamahere whakatōrangi ā-rangi hou te whakahaere i te hunga 100,000 whakapā. Ki runga i tērā, ka heke iho ngā mīhini ā-waha, me whakaawe nei i tēnei take ki te iti iho i te waiporanga matū. Kāore i konei e huri ana i te iti ake o ngā papa e hanga nei, e tuku atu ana, engari kei reira hoki te tautoko i te itinga moni me te tirohanga iti i te ao taiao. Ki te whakaaetia ngā momo hanga papa matua, ka taea e ngā pouako whakahaere i ngā taurite moni nui, ahakoa ko tēnei tino take ki te whakangungu i te wāhi taiao, he mea nui i te kāwanatanga o te rā o nāianei.

Whakarite Titi Wai mō ngā Kaitono Tiaki Taiao

Ē hiahiatia ana te whaihanga lithography i te whakamahi i ngā tohu wai, he whitiwhitinga i whakaritea e te tono mō ngā whakahaere whai kai tūmatanui. E torotoro ana enei tohu i ngā taumata ākana o ngā pūngao whakahirahira (VOC) i runga i te whakahaere tuhinga. Ki runga anō i ngā painga moiori, e mahi ana ngā tohu wai i te pai o te whakahaere tuhinga, whakawhanake i te whakapakari me te uru whenua o ngā tae ki te kitea. He rangahau i whakaatu mai ko te whakaiti i te kakahu karboni o te whakahaere tuhinga ka taea e te whakamahi i ngā tohu wai i runga i te 50%. Ko tēnei kawekeutanga ka whakanui i te whaihanga lithography hei whirinaki whakahirahira mō ngā kaupapa e hiahia ana ki te whakaiti i ō rātou tono moiotanga ki te ao, ahakoa kei te whakahaere tuhinga pai.

Pūkaha Whakahaere Tuhinga Ata: Kaupapa Whakaiti Waiwai

Rārangi Whakahaere Tuhinga Nuinga

Kei te whakauru i tētahi whatunga mokowāhi waiporoporo iti nui, te Pūkaha Whakapapa Waiporoporo ki te Māhina Whakapapa Waiporoporo. E neke ana ia i tētahi whatunga mokowāhi waiporoporo nui, e āwhina ana ki te whakaputa i ngā huinga katoa i raro i tētahi wā anake, me uaua ake te mahi. Ko tēnei pūnaha e whakaiti ana i ngā wā moe kai roto i ngā wā o te whakawehi mokowāhi, ahakoa ka whakaiti he iti i te waiporoporo e puta nei. Ki te whakarite i te wā o te whakawehi mokowāhi, ka tukua e te pūkaha he iti tuatahi i te waiporoporo waiporoporo—ka whakahē ki te whakanui i te 30% o ngā waiporoporo waiporoporo i waho i tētahi wā. Ko ēnei whakamātau ko te matawai hei whakatōmuri i ngā tono o ngā pūtake whakapapa waiporoporo nui e hiahia ana ki te whakapai i te panga me te whakapakari i te whakatutuki.

Miihini Tā Tere Tere Miihini Tā Papanga

Whai kaha mai i te whakapapa waiporoporo nui i runga i tēnei pūkaha, i hangaia hei whakangungu me te tino tika. Kei reira tana whatunga mokowāhi nui, e āwhina ana ki te whakaputa i tētahi rara pai rawa o ngā mahi whakapapa, e whakapakari ana i te kahupapa kaiwhakapuaki ahakoa kei te whakamānui i te tino tika me te iti waiporoporo.

Takawaenga Matihiko mō te Whakarite Putunga Tāhuhu

Ki te whakamahi i ngā rārangi takawaenga matihiko paihere, ka tiakina e te mīhini i te whakarite putunga tāhuhu nui atu i runga i te mahi whatu. Nā ēnei takawaenga paihere ka whakahaere pai i ngā taunga kēmu ki te tahua, ka pūmau i ngā hapa me ngā korewhai whakarereke e hoki rawa atu i te wāhi kaiwhakaawe whenua. Ki runga i te kōrero matakaha, ka āhei i ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te kite me te tautuhinga i ngā whakarereke e taea ana, e hiahiatia nei ngā pūnaha whakawehewehe. Nā reira, ko ngā tauaromataki tuhinga e whiwhi ana i te pai o te whakarereke putunga tāhuhu ki te 95%, e whakaatu ana i te pai o te mīhini i te hunga herehere i ngā mahi whakaputa kēmu nui.

Nga Ata Tuatahi mo te Tiaki Ika

Kei runga ngā whiuwhiu hōtaka kaihanga rau i te mīhini hokohoko ki ngā mahi tiaki whenua, e whakaiti ana i ngā utu mahi tonu heoi anō ka tautoko i te whakaiti i te rite. E ai ki ngā whiuwhiu nei, ka whakamana ngā reta whakawehenga me ngā reta whakamahana hei whakangungu i te waihotanga o te pūngao mō ngā mahi hokohoko. Ko te whakapono ki te whakangungu i te pūngao e whakarite ana ki ngā hōtaka whānuitia a te taiao; kei te whakaatu he tino nui te whakaiti i ngā wheako āhuarangi e taea ana e ngā mīhini i konei, e 20% tēnā. Ki te whakatō i ngā mīhini hokohoko e whakangungu ana i te pūngao, ka whakaiti ngā whare hanganga i te tohu karbona i a rātou, ahakoa te whakarite i ngā paihikara tuhinga, ka tuku he ara whakatika mō te whenua i roto i te hokohoko rau.

Ngā Whakamahi Tuarua i te Ao Rea mō te Pākiri Tiaki Taiao

Tuhinga Matua: Te Whakaiti Rite a Ngā Poutoko Hoko

He whakamāramaa pūmau nui i roto i tētahi tohu paerewa e wehi ana, e whakaatu ana i te hiranga o ngā momo tuhinga porihia mōhakea i te whakaititia kaiwhakarite. Ki te huri atu ki ngā momo whakangungu porihia ahoroa, i āhei ai te tohu paerewa i te whakatitiro ki te urunga 35% iti i ngā rauemi whakamutunga i te tau tuatahi o te whakatinana. Ko te tūrongo nui o tēnei whakaiti ka whakaaweawe mai i te mauhere me te noho pai o te tuhinga porihia, e tirotiro ana i ngā rauemi eke noa i te wā i te mahi hanga. Ahakoa, ko te whakaaetanga i ngā tikanga matua o te tuhinga porihia ka taea hei āwhina i te tohu paerewa i te whiwhi i ōna take kotahi ao, ā, ka whakapai hoki i tōna mana i waenganui i ngā kaiwhakamua e hiahia ana ki ngā take aroaro whenua.

Whakarite i ngā Momomaha Porihia mō ngā Pūngao Whakahokia

Te whakamahi i te tekoteko whaihua mō te hanga i ngā matū hokiwhiti hei tuku ake i te nginga ki te whakamahere i ngā rauemi katoa. Ko te tekoteko whaihua e pai ana ki te mahi i runga i tētahi momo matū hokiwhiti, ā, ka mau tonu te pai o te hononga o ngā mea hanga i te wā e tautoko ana i te oranga o te taiao. Hei tautohu i tēnei tuhinga whakangungu, ko te tirohanga i te paihere i waenganui i ngā kāwai kaihokiwhiti, ā, he whakaatu i te mea e āhei ana ngā pakihi ki te whakamahi i ngā kaihokiwhiti i roto i ngā kaupapa. Nā ngā tauira mai i ngā pakihi e angitia nei i ēnei kaupapa, ka kitea te itinga i te whiu ā-waho, ā, ka whakaaturia tētahi whakapono ki ngā tikanga e tiaki ana i te ao. Ka tautoko ēnei whakahaere i te ahumatua hokiwhiti, ka whakaiti i te whakamahinga i ngā rauemi katoa, ā, ka tukuna he ara e hiahia ana ki te whakarite i ngā kaupapa hanga e tiaki ana i te whenua.

FAQ

P: Pēhea te taea e te whakarite inoa tūpato ki te iti i te rama?

A: Nā ngā whinga hangarau inu herehere, pēnei i ngā poraka anilox me ngā upoko inkjet, e tiakina ana te nui o te inu kia tika, mīmīmanga i te hē ki waho, te tahua, me te whakamahere iti, ka puta he uwha iti.

Q: Ko te aha te mahi a ngā pūnaha ā-ture i roto i te whakatipu matihiko?

A: Ka whakaritea ngā pūnaha ā-ture i ngā kaupapa takapū, ka whakamahere i ngā raengaro whakaaturanga mō ngā alorima whakauru, me te iti i te rama tahua i waenganui i ngā pūrongo, ka hoki haere i te uwha rākau ko ētahi 25%.

Q: E āhei ana te whakauru pūtau ki te whakaaetanga o te taiao?

A: Ae, e āhei ana te whakauru pūtau ki te whakaaeata o te taiao nā runga i tana aoheinga whai muri, e iti ana i te uwha pūtau, me tana tirohanga ki ngā inu wai, e pēhea nei te iti i ngā hākiri o ngā huarere (VOC) e whanake ana.

Q: Ko te aha ngā tauira o ngā kāwanatanga e tiaki ana i te āhuatanga taiao me te whakauru pūtau?

A: Ae, kei roto i ētahi atu kāwanatanga kua whakaaetia te whakauru pūtau me ngā raraunga whakahokia, ka whakangungu i te pai o ngā kōwhiringa me te tautoko i te oranga taiao, ka iti i tana noho hei whakamahere i ngā raraunga katoa.